(Fall 2024) CS 483/583 - Intro to Quantum Computer Science

Course Project

Instructions

2-3 people group projects. You may choose one (or superposition) of the options below.

  • Research project. Take any route to gain some research experience.
    • Literature review. Pick a topic of interest, and summarize the state of art of it. The final outcome would be either a traditional survey paper or an expository science article that helps explain the topic to a broader audience (see a sample here).
    • Completing “folklore”. There are “folklore” results in the filed or missing details in class that are worth spelling out carefully. You will study a dedicated problem and give a thorough exposition on it.
    • original research. Challenge yourself with some open question in the field. You are encouraged to explore the potential of quantum computing in your own research area. Be creative and keep a critical mind.
  • Programming project. Sure, why not get your hands dirty, thanks to the advances of physical device and software frameworks (see some popular ones below). You may test and optimize quantum algorithms and protocols in a platform, or you might want to contribute to new features of these tools.

  • Societal-impact project. Quantum is becoming a buzz word. What is the broader implication of quantum technology? What is happening in the society to get ready for this technology? Are there ethical issues concerning the technology and the workforce development?

Milestones

  • Proposal: 1-2 pages consisting of 1) the topic, background, context, and motivation; 2) a few core references; and 3) your goal and a plan. (5%)
  • Oral presentation: Each group will have about 30 minutes to present your project including Q&A. Your need to demonstrate both breath and depth. Aim for a clear introduction that would engage the audience, and then explain 1-2 technical ideas in some detail. Every group member needs to participate, and your group will be graded by fellow students. (15%)
  • Final report: <= 10 pages (excluding references). This should typically resemble a research paper (unless you choose to write an expository article mentioned above): 1) a short abstract; 2) an introduction that motivates the topic and offers an overview of the entire report; 3) details including proper preliminary materials (e.g., notations & definitions), explaining the main results; and finally 4) further discussion and open questions. (10%)
  • Report format: I recommend you to typeset your reports in LaTeX, and manage your bibliography using BibTeX. The resource page has links to materials to pick up LaTeX. You should use single-column, single-space (between lines) format on letter-size papers.

Timeline (Tentative)

  • Week 1 - 3: forming groups.
  • Week 4: discussing project ideas.
  • Week 5 Fri 11/01: proposal due, 11:59pm anytime on Earth.
  • Week 8: progress check-up meetings.
  • Week 10: oral presentations.
  • Finals Week Wed 12/11: final report due, 11:59pm anytime on Earth.

Suggested topics

The list below is far from complete, and is only intended as a starting point for you to explore your options. Suggestions on “societal-impact” and “programming” are especially brief to give your creativity enough room. Here are a few general readings.

Societal impact

(We need scientists and engineers to advance the field of quantum computing. But what is equally important, if not more, is to have more people think broadly the implications and proper actions to take.)

  • Misinformation in mass media. Are we doing a good job so far to deliver the idea of quantum computing to the general audience? Some popular sites: [Phys.org, Quantamagazine, MIT Tech Review]. An ebook by Graves on Deciding what’s true is available via Library eLink.
  • Research efforts and focuses of different regions and countries. For instance, look at the Quantum Internet effort in EU. US National Strategic Overview. Where is the US government’s funding going? How is it influencing the gap between resources to different institutes?
  • Impact on labor market. How many patents are being filed? How much investiment is being injected in quantum startup companies? Are we going to see jobs in quantum? This report on AI might help.
  • Impact on education. Are there sufficient resource to pick up quantum computing (e.g., MOOC at various levels)? Shall we update the curriculum in college (or even in high school)? Some teasers: [IHE, Fermilab].
  • Ethical issues. Can quantum technology help alleviate pressing social crisis? Or is it possibly exacerbating problems such as global warming and inequality? An APS interview titled “Should We Build Quantum Computers at All? ”.
  • The debate on Quatnum Internet. For starters: Talk by Lukens, NSA’s position, and response by some researchers.
  • More to be filled by you …

Programming

  • Popular quantum programming platforms (some with hardware too): IBM Qiskit, Microsoft Q# development kit, Google Cirq, Rigetti Forrest SDK. You may conduct a comparative study on the qualities of their physical device, as well as features of the software kits. Here is an introduction to benchmarking quantum computers, and a report on benchmarking an 11-qubit quantum computer.
  • [HM17,FH16,CZH+18,QWE19] Test (on a small scale) proposals for “quantum advantage”, and compare with simulations on classical computers.
  • [KLLNP16,GM19] Simon’s algorithm can break some symmetric-key cryptosystems. Can you demonstrate some toy example?
  • Extensions to consider for implementation and simulation of quantum algorithms: optimize the circuit, estimate the cost, test variations (e.g., robustness against noise), etc. Tools on optimizing reversible/quantum circuit: [RevKit,Feynman,ZX-Calculus]
  • Develop a quantum computer game? Here is an example quantum battleship.

Research

  • SciRate is quantum researchers’ instagram, where new papers are posted, rated and discussed.
  • Major venues for disseminating quantum research: QIP, TQC, QCRYPT, and general TCS conferences (e.g., STOC, FOCS, Crypto).

  • Quantum algorithms and complexity
    • [YLC14] Fixed-point quantum search.
    • [AR19] Quantum Approximate Counting, Simplified.
    • [CSZJ20] Variational Quantum State Eigensolver. An algorithmic framework suitable for near-term quantum devices.
    • [GSLW18] Introduces singular value transformation, a cute framework unifying several quantum algorithmic techniques.
    • [CK24] Fault-tolerance with local operations.
  • Quantum information theory
    • [HHL04] Superdense coding of quantum states.
    • [HOW05,SY08] Some weirdness about quantum information, such as negative information and communicating with zero-capacity channels.
  • Quantum cryptography & learning
    • [B23] Trading quantum gravity for quantum cryptography?
    • [Zhandry18] A unique quantum primitive, quantum lightning, with applications in quantum money. Can you construct it from other problems?
    • [MY21 AQY22] Cryptography from quantum pseudorandomness. What is the minimal assumption for cryptography? A lot of exciting recent development to catch up.
    • CHINS23 How can a classical user reliably delegate learning tasks to a quantum server?
    • [BLMT] Learning quantum Hamiltonians at any temperature in polynomial time.
  • Clearing up the folklore
    • [Cleve11,KNP05] Exact lower bounds for Simon’s problem, on probabilistic and quantum computers. Bounding the success probability given a fixed number of queries.
    • [BSS03] Workspace in a quantum query algorithm. Does more space give you more power?